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Concrete Spalling to suspended balcony slab. Reason for spalling, corrosion of reinforcement causing a change of volume in the reinforcing bars resulting in tensile stress along the face of the bars, such stress exceeding the tensile strength of the concrete. The corrosion of the steel due largely to insufficient clear concrete cover (limited protection from the elements) and the absence of an efficient waterproofing membrane system installed to the balcony slab surface (allowing water penetration into the balcony slab itself, such moisture finding passage to the reinforcement). Finally, issues of carbonation levels, and alkalinity levels occasionally need to be determined. More so, to gauge predictability of future spalling.